AI-Generated Summary

The Industrial Revolution (18th-19th centuries) marked a transformative shift from agrarian economies to industrialized societies, driven by technological innovations like the steam engine, mechanized textile production, and advances in iron and steel manufacturing. Originating in Britain, it spread globally, urbanization surged as people moved to cities for factory jobs, and mass production boosted economic growth. However, it also brought challenges, including poor working conditions, child labor, and environmental degradation. The revolution fueled social and political changes, such as labor unions and reform movements, and laid the foundation for modern capitalism. Its impact reshaped industry, transportation, and daily life worldwide.