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In Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, Yuval Noah Harari explores the evolution of Homo sapiens from ancient hunter-gatherers to modern civilization. He examines key revolutions—cognitive, agricultural, and scientific—that shaped human society. The Cognitive Revolution, around 70,000 years ago, enabled complex communication and cooperation. The Agricultural Revolution 10,000 years ago led to settled communities but also inequality and exploitation. The Scientific Revolution, beginning 500 years ago, transformed societies through innovation and industrialization. Harari also critiques the impact of capitalism, nationalism, and technology on humanity’s future, questioning whether progress has truly improved human well-being. The book challenges readers to reflect on humanity’s past and future trajectory.